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CSS References

CSS Reference CSS Browser Support CSS Selectors CSS Combinators CSS Pseudo-classes CSS Pseudo-elements CSS At-rules CSS Functions CSS Reference Aural CSS Web Safe Fonts CSS Fallback Fonts CSS Animatable CSS Units CSS PX-EM Converter CSS Colors CSS Color Values CSS Default Values CSS Entities

CSS Properties

accent-color align-content align-items align-self all animation animation-delay animation-direction animation-duration animation-fill-mode animation-iteration-count animation-name animation-play-state animation-timing-function aspect-ratio backdrop-filter backface-visibility background background-attachment background-blend-mode background-clip background-color background-image background-origin background-position background-position-x background-position-y background-repeat background-size block-size border border-block border-block-color border-block-end border-block-end-color border-block-end-style border-block-end-width border-block-start border-block-start-color border-block-start-style border-block-start-width border-block-style border-block-width border-bottom border-bottom-color border-bottom-left-radius border-bottom-right-radius border-bottom-style border-bottom-width border-collapse border-color border-end-end-radius border-end-start-radius border-image border-image-outset border-image-repeat border-image-slice border-image-source border-image-width border-inline border-inline-color border-inline-end border-inline-end-color border-inline-end-style border-inline-end-width border-inline-start border-inline-start-color border-inline-start-style border-inline-start-width border-inline-style border-inline-width border-left border-left-color border-left-style border-left-width border-radius border-right border-right-color border-right-style border-right-width border-spacing border-start-end-radius border-start-start-radius border-style border-top border-top-color border-top-left-radius border-top-right-radius border-top-style border-top-width border-width bottom box-decoration-break box-reflect box-shadow box-sizing break-after break-before break-inside caption-side caret-color @charset clear clip clip-path color color-scheme column-count column-fill column-gap column-rule column-rule-color column-rule-style column-rule-width column-span column-width columns content counter-increment counter-reset counter-set cursor direction display empty-cells filter flex flex-basis flex-direction flex-flow flex-grow flex-shrink flex-wrap float font @font-face font-family font-feature-settings font-kerning font-size font-size-adjust font-stretch font-style font-variant font-variant-caps font-weight gap grid grid-area grid-auto-columns grid-auto-flow grid-auto-rows grid-column grid-column-end grid-column-start grid-row grid-row-end grid-row-start grid-template grid-template-areas grid-template-columns grid-template-rows hanging-punctuation height hyphens hyphenate-character image-rendering @import initial-letter inline-size inset inset-block inset-block-end inset-block-start inset-inline inset-inline-end inset-inline-start isolation justify-content justify-items justify-self @keyframes left letter-spacing line-height list-style list-style-image list-style-position list-style-type margin margin-block margin-block-end margin-block-start margin-bottom margin-inline margin-inline-end margin-inline-start margin-left margin-right margin-top marker marker-end marker-mid marker-start mask mask-clip mask-composite mask-image mask-mode mask-origin mask-position mask-repeat mask-size mask-type max-block-size max-height max-inline-size max-width @media min-block-size min-inline-size min-height min-width mix-blend-mode object-fit object-position offset offset-anchor offset-distance offset-path offset-position offset-rotate opacity order orphans outline outline-color outline-offset outline-style outline-width overflow overflow-anchor overflow-wrap overflow-x overflow-y overscroll-behavior overscroll-behavior-block overscroll-behavior-inline overscroll-behavior-x overscroll-behavior-y padding padding-block padding-block-end padding-block-start padding-bottom padding-inline padding-inline-end padding-inline-start padding-left padding-right padding-top page-break-after page-break-before page-break-inside paint-order perspective perspective-origin place-content place-items place-self pointer-events position @property quotes resize right rotate row-gap scale scroll-behavior scroll-margin scroll-margin-block scroll-margin-block-end scroll-margin-block-start scroll-margin-bottom scroll-margin-inline scroll-margin-inline-end scroll-margin-inline-start scroll-margin-left scroll-margin-right scroll-margin-top scroll-padding scroll-padding-block scroll-padding-block-end scroll-padding-block-start scroll-padding-bottom scroll-padding-inline scroll-padding-inline-end scroll-padding-inline-start scroll-padding-left scroll-padding-right scroll-padding-top scroll-snap-align scroll-snap-stop scroll-snap-type scrollbar-color tab-size table-layout text-align text-align-last text-decoration text-decoration-color text-decoration-line text-decoration-style text-decoration-thickness text-emphasis text-emphasis-color text-emphasis-position text-emphasis-style text-indent text-justify text-orientation text-overflow text-shadow text-transform text-underline-offset text-underline-position top transform transform-origin transform-style transition transition-delay transition-duration transition-property transition-timing-function translate unicode-bidi user-select vertical-align visibility white-space widows width word-break word-spacing word-wrap writing-mode z-index zoom



CSS Pseudo-classes Reference


CSS Pseudo-classes

A pseudo-class is used to define a special state of an element.

For example, it can be used to:

  • Style an element when a user moves the mouse over it
  • Style visited and unvisited links differently
  • Style an element when it gets focus
  • Style valid/invalid/required/optional form elements

The table below shows the different pseudo-classes in CSS:

Pseudo-class Examples Example description
:active a:active Selects the active link
:any-link a:anylink
area:anylink
Selects any <a> or <area> element with an href attribute
:auto-fill input:autofill Selects any <input> element with its value autofilled by the browser
:checked input:checked
option:checked
Matches any <input> or <option> element that is checked
:default input:default
button:default
option:default
Selects form elements that are default in a group of related elements
:defined :defined Selects any element that has been defined (standard or custom elements)
:dir() :dir(ltr)
:dir(rtl)
Selects any element with the specified text direction
:disabled :disabled
input:disabled
option:disabled
Selects any element that is disabled. Most used for form elements
:empty div:empty Selects any element that has no children (including text nodes)
:enabled :enabled
input:enabled
Selects any element that is enabled. Most used for form elements
:first @page :first Represents the first page of a printed document (used with the @page rule)
:first-child p:first-child
li:first-child
Selects the element that is the first child of its parent (among a group of sibling elements)
:first-of-type p:first-of-type
li:first-of-type
Selects the first element of its type among a group of sibling elements
:focus input:focus
select:focus
Selects the element that gets focus. Most used for form elements
:focus-visible button:focus-visible Selects the element that gets focus (used to apply focus styles only when the keyboard is used to focus something, not the mouse)
:focus-within form:focus-within
label:focus-within
Matches an element if the element or any of its descendants gets focus
:fullscreen :fullscreen Selects any element that is currently in full-screen mode
:has() h2:has(+p) Selects h2 elements that are immediately followed by a p element, and applies the style to h2
:hover a:hover
p:hover
Selects element on mouse over
:in-range input:in-range Select any <input> element with a value within the specified range limit
:indeterminate input:indeterminate Selects any form element that is in an indeterminate state
:invalid input:invalid
fieldset:invalid
Selects invalid form elements
:is() :is(ul, ol) Selects all <ul> and <ol>elements
:lang() p:lang(it) Selects any <p> element with a lang attribute equal to "it" (Italian)
:last-child li:last-child Selects any <li> element that is the last child of its parent
:last-of-type p:last-of-type Selects any <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent
:left @page :left Represents all left-hand pages of a printed document (used with the @page rule)
:link a:link Selects any unvisited link
:modal :modal Selects the element that is in a modal state
:not() :not(p) Selects any element that is not a <p> element
:nth-child() p:nth-child(2) Selects any <p> element that is the second child of its parent
:nth-last-child() p:nth-last-child(2) Selects any <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the end
:nth-last-of-type() p:nth-last-of-type(2) Selects any <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the end
:nth-of-type() p:nth-of-type(2) Selects any <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent
:only-child p:only-child Selects any <p> element that is the only child of its parent
:only-of-type p:only-of-type Selects any <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent
:optional input:optional
select:optional
textarea:optional
Selects any <input>, <select>, or <textarea> elements without a "required" attribute
:out-of-range input:out-of-range Selects any <input> element with a value outside the specified range limit
:placeholder-shown input:placeholder-shown
textarea:placeholder-shown
Selects any <input> or <textarea> element that is currently displaying placeholder text
:popover-open :popover-open Selects any element that is in a showing popover state
:read-only input:read-only Selects input elements with the "readonly" attribute specified
:read-write input:read-write Selects editable input elements
:required input:required Selects input elements with the "required" attribute specified
:right @page :right Represents all right-hand pages of a printed document (used with the @page rule)
:root :root Selects the document's root element
:scope :scope Selects elements that are a reference point, or scope, for selectors to match against
:state() :state() Selects custom elements that have the specified custom state
:target :target Selects the current active target element
:user-invalid :user-invalid Selects any form element with an invalid value (after the user have interacted with it)
:user-valid :user-valid Selects any form element with a valid value (after the user have interacted with it)
:valid input:valid Selects all input elements with a valid value
:visited a:visited
area:visited
Selects all visited links
:where() :where(ol, ul) Selects all <ul> and <ol>elements

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