HTML Form Elements
This chapter describes all the different HTML form elements.
The HTML <form> Elements
The HTML <form>
element can contain one or more of the following form elements:
-
<input>
-
<label>
-
<select>
-
<textarea>
-
<button>
-
<fieldset>
-
<legend>
-
<datalist>
-
<output>
-
<option>
-
<optgroup>
The <input> Element
One of the most used form elements is the <input>
element.
The <input>
element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type
attribute.
Example
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname">
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All the different values of the type
attribute are covered in the next chapter:
HTML Input Types.
The <label> Element
The <label>
element defines a label for
several
form elements.
The <label>
element is useful for
screen-reader users, because the screen-reader will read out loud the label when
the user focus on the input element.
The <label>
element also help users who have
difficulty clicking on very small regions (such as radio buttons or checkboxes)
- because when the user clicks the text within the <label>
element, it toggles
the radio button/checkbox.
The for
attribute of the <label>
tag should
be equal to the id
attribute of the <input>
element to bind them together.
The <select> Element
The <select>
element defines a drop-down list:
Example
<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars">
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>
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The <option>
element defines an option that can be
selected.
By default, the first item in the drop-down list is selected.
To define a pre-selected option, add the selected
attribute
to the option:
Visible Values:
Use the size
attribute to specify the number of visible values:
Example
<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars" size="3">
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>
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Allow Multiple Selections:
Use the multiple
attribute to allow the user to select more than one value:
Example
<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars" size="4" multiple>
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>
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The <textarea> Element
The <textarea>
element defines a multi-line input field (a text area):
Example
<textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="30">
The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>
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The rows
attribute specifies the visible number of lines in
a text area.
The cols
attribute specifies the visible width of a text
area.
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
You can also define the size of the text area by using CSS:
Example
<textarea name="message"
style="width:200px; height:600px;">
The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>
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The <button> Element
The <button>
element defines a clickable
button:
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
Note: Always specify the type
attribute for the button element. Different browsers may use different default types for the button element.
The <fieldset> and <legend> Elements
The <fieldset>
element is used to group related data in a form.
The <legend>
element defines a caption for the
<fieldset>
element.
Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<fieldset>
<legend>Personalia:</legend>
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"
value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</fieldset>
</form>
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This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
The <datalist> Element
The <datalist>
element specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input>
element.
Users will see a drop-down list of the pre-defined options as they input data.
The list
attribute of the <input>
element, must refer to the
id
attribute of the <datalist>
element.
Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<input list="browsers">
<datalist id="browsers">
<option value="Edge">
<option value="Firefox">
<option value="Chrome">
<option value="Opera">
<option value="Safari">
</datalist>
</form>
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The <output> Element
The <output>
element represents the result of a calculation (like one
performed by a script).
Example
Perform a calculation and show the result in an <output>
element:
<form action="/action_page.php"
oninput="x.value=parseInt(a.value)+parseInt(b.value)">
0
<input type="range" id="a" name="a" value="50">
100 +
<input type="number" id="b" name="b" value="50">
=
<output name="x" for="a b"></output>
<br><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
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HTML Form Elements
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<form> | Defines an HTML form for user input |
<input> | Defines an input control |
<textarea> | Defines a multiline input control (text area) |
<label> | Defines a label for an <input> element |
<fieldset> | Groups related elements in a form |
<legend> | Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element |
<select> | Defines a drop-down list |
<optgroup> | Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list |
<option> | Defines an option in a drop-down list |
<button> | Defines a clickable button |
<datalist> | Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls |
<output> | Defines the result of a calculation |
For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.